La Loi n\u00b0 12.846\/2013 qui impose la responsabilit\u00e9 administrative et civile des personnes morales pour corruption a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9e le 1er aout 2013 au Br\u00e9sil. Cette loi sera adopt\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9lai de 180 (cent quatre-vingt) jours \u00e0 compter du 02 ao\u00fbt 2013, date de sa parution au Journal Officiel br\u00e9silien.
\nCette loi pr\u00e9voit que toute personne morale \u2013 y compris les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9trang\u00e8res qui op\u00e8rent directement au Br\u00e9sil ou bien celles qui ont des filiales sur place \u2013 pourra avoir sa responsabilit\u00e9 engag\u00e9e dans le cas de pratique de certains actes contre l\u2019administration publique nationale ou \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n
La principale nouveaut\u00e9 de cette loi est la possibilit\u00e9 de sanctionner \u2013 administrativement et civilement \u2013 les personnes morales pour tout acte qui porte pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 l\u2019administration publique. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la publication de la loi, seulement les personnes physiques impliqu\u00e9es dans les actes de corruption \u00e9taient punies pour les actes de corruption et fraude aux processus d\u2019appels d\u2019offre (ex. g\u00e9rant des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, ses employ\u00e9s, agents publics, etc.).<\/p>\n
La nouvelle loi impose la responsabilit\u00e9 objective des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, ce qui exclut l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment de culpabilit\u00e9 lors de l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de l\u2019acte contre l\u2019administration par le juge. Ainsi, tout pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 l\u2019administration publique av\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u00e9coulant de l\u2019action ou de l\u2019omission de n\u2019importe quelle personne, ces actions ou omissions repr\u00e9sentant des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices a une personne morale, cette derni\u00e8re pourra avoir sa responsabilit\u00e9 civile ou administrative engag\u00e9e.<\/p>\n
En revanche, la responsabilit\u00e9 de la personne morale n\u2019exclut pas la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle de ses dirigeants, g\u00e9rants, employ\u00e9s ou toute personne physique, auteur, coauteur qui ait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 un acte illicite. Ces personnes physiques pouvant \u00eatre \u00e9galement responsables des actes illicites dans la mesure de leur culpabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Les actes qui portent pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 l\u2019administration publique, nationale ou \u00e9trang\u00e8re sont d\u00e9crits dans l\u2019article 5 de la nouvelle loi. Celui-ci a mis en \u00e9vidence les actes illicites commis par les personnes morales en rapport aux processus d\u2019appels d\u2019offre et aux contrats avec l\u2019administration. Sont-ils : emp\u00eacher ou frauder le caract\u00e8re comp\u00e9titif du processus d\u2019appel d\u2019offres public moyennant concertation pr\u00e9alable ; emp\u00eacher, nuire ou frauder le processus d\u2019appel d\u2019offres public ; d\u00e9gager ou chercher \u00e0 d\u00e9gager toute personne qui participe du processus d\u2019appel d\u2019offres \u00e0 travers de l\u2019offre ou de la promesse d\u2019un avantage indu ; frauder \u00e0 l\u2019appel d\u2019offre ou aux contrats publics qui en d\u00e9coulent ; frauder l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique et financier des contrats conclus avec l\u2019administration publique.<\/p>\n
S\u2019agissant de la responsabilit\u00e9 administrative, les amendes administratives pr\u00e9vues dans la loi vont de 0.1% \u00e0 20% du chiffre d\u2019affaire brut de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9e. La loi pr\u00e9voit alternativement une amende de 60 million de r\u00e9ais dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se o\u00f9 il ne serait pas possible d\u2019estimer le chiffre d\u2019affaire de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fautive. En outre, la loi pr\u00e9voit la publication de la d\u00e9cision de condamnation dans les moyens de communication, tels que les journaux de grande circulation et l\u2019internet.<\/p>\n
Quant \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 civile, celle-ci sera analys\u00e9e dans la sph\u00e8re judiciaire. Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s pourront \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9es de la fa\u00e7on suivante : la confiscation des biens, des droits ou des valeurs qui repr\u00e9sentent des avantages ou des profits directs ou indirects tir\u00e9s de l\u2019infraction ; la suspension ou l\u2019interdiction partielle de ses activit\u00e9s ; ou m\u00eame la dissolution obligatoire de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, si cela reste prouv\u00e9 que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on habituelle afin de faciliter ou promouvoir la pratique des actes illicites, ou bien d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9e pour occulter ou pour dissimuler des int\u00e9r\u00eats illicites ou l\u2019identit\u00e9 des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires des actes commis.<\/p>\n
Ind\u00e9pendamment des sanctions mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus, et des autres pr\u00e9vues dans la loi, la personne morale devra indemniser int\u00e9gralement tout pr\u00e9judice subi par l\u2019administration publique.<\/p>\n
Par ailleurs, les dispositions de la nouvelle loi ont l\u2019intention de rendre les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s des v\u00e9ritables partenaires de l\u2019administration publique dans la lutte contre la corruption. Dans ce sens, la loi pr\u00e9voit l\u2019accord de quelques b\u00e9n\u00e9fices (ex. : r\u00e9duction de sanction) aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui acceptent de coop\u00e9rer dans les investigations des crimes de corruption. Ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s doivent, toutefois, prendre l\u2019initiative de collaborer avec l\u2019administration et doivent, en outre, apporter des informations substantielles qui rendent possible l\u2019\u00e9claircissement rapide des faits et l\u2019identification des impliqu\u00e9s dans le crime.<\/p>\n
Ce syst\u00e8me de partenariat soci\u00e9t\u00e9-administration publique apparait \u00e9galement dans le texte s\u2019agissant de la r\u00e9duction des sanctions aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui coop\u00e8rent avec l\u2019administration publique dans l\u2019enqu\u00eate des infractions.<\/p>\n
La r\u00e9duction de sanction est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9vue pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui adoptent les pratiques de pr\u00e9vention des actes de corruption telles que les m\u00e9canismes et proc\u00e9dures internes d\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9, audit et encouragement \u00e0 la d\u00e9nonciation des irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s et l\u2019application effective des codes de d\u00e9ontologie et de bonne conduite. Ces r\u00e8gles aussi connues comme \u00e9tant les r\u00e8gles de compliance.<\/p>\n
Cette disposition encouragera certainement les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 adopter des politiques de compliance et \u00e0 adopter des proc\u00e9dures internes ayant pour but de d\u00e9tecter et pr\u00e9venir les actes de corruption.<\/p>\n
La Loi 12.846\/2013, d\u00e9j\u00e0 connue comme Loi Anti-corruption, repr\u00e9sente un m\u00e9canisme en plus mis \u00e0 disposition de l\u2019Etat br\u00e9silien afin d\u2019\u00e9liminer la corruption au sein de l\u2019administration publique. Cette loi a pour but \u00e9galement d\u2019introduire dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s une nouvelle culture d\u2019engagement contre la corruption, tout en les sensibilisant vers le d\u00e9veloppement des cultures de compliance.<\/p>\n
L\u2019Equipe de Droit Public du cabinet Chenut Oliveira Santiago demeure \u00e0 votre disposition pour tout renseignement compl\u00e9mentaire sur ce sujet ainsi que pour vous assister dans l\u2019impl\u00e9mentation des programmes de compliance dans vos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n
Celui-ci est un informatif de Chenut Oliveira Santiago Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Avocats et ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une opinion l\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n
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Pedro Ivo Martins Dutra- \u2019Equipe Avocat de droit public<\/em>[:en]<\/p>\n The Law N. 12.846\/2013 was sanctioned on August 1st. The law will take effect within 180 (one hundred eighty) days from the date of its publication, on August 2, 2013.The aforementioned Law provides for civil and administrative liability of legal entities (including foreign companies with operations and branches in Brazil) by practice of acts against the national or foreign public administration.<\/p>\n The main innovation of the law is the possibility to penalize, as administratively and civilly the legal entities for prejudicial acts against the public administration. Until the publication of this law, the acts of corruption and fraud to a bidding process entailed punishment only to the individuals involved (business managers, employees, public officers, etc.). However, the liability of the legal entity does not exclude the individual responsibility of its directors, administrators, employees or any natural person, perpetrator, co-perpetrator or participant of the illegal act, whom may be liable for unlawful acts proportionally to the extent of their guilt.<\/p>\n The harmful acts to public administration, being made by a national or foreign entity, are foreseen in an exhaustive list in Article 5 of the new law. The law gave an special emphasis to the acts related to competitive bidding procedures and public contracts entered into with public entities, among which we can mention: thwart or defraud, by adjusting, combining or any other expedient, the competitive nature of the public bidding process; prevent, hinder or defraud the realization of any act of public bidding procedure; fend or seek warding off bidders, by fraud or offering of advantage of any kind; defraud public bidding or resulting contract; manipulate or defraud the economic and financial balance of the contracts entered into with the public administration. As for civil liability, defined in the judicial sphere, it could result in penalties such as forfeiture of property, rights or amounts representing the advantage or profit directly or indirectly obtained in reason of the offense caused, the suspension or partial ban of the company\u2019s activities; and even the compulsory dissolution of the legal entity, depending on the evidences that the legal person was used on a regular basis in order to facilitate or promote the practice of unlawful acts, or to have been incorporated in order to conceal or disguise illicit interests or the identity of the beneficiaries of the acts committed. Noteworthy is also the guideline of the law which aims to make the companies actual partners of the public bodies in the combat against corruption. In this sense, the law offers to the companies the adoption of a leniency agreement that provides benefits (eg reduction of penalties) to those involved in corrupt practices that decide to cooperate with the investigations, as long as the company is the first to express interest in doing so and effectively gathers information that allows the rapid clarification of the facts and identification of involved. This prediction will certainly stimulate companies to adopt compliance policies and internal procedures in order to detect and prevent acts of corruption. The Chenut Oliveira Santiago law firm\u2019s Staff of Public Law is available for any clarifications that may be necessary on the subject, as well as to assist companies interested in implementing compliance programs.<\/p>\n This is a newsletter from Chenut Oliveira Santiago Law Firm and shall not be regarded as a legal advice.<\/p>\n \u00a0Pedro Ivo Martins Dutra- Lawyer of our public law sector<\/em><\/p>\n [:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [:br] Foi sancionada no dia primeiro de agosto a Lei n\u00b0 12.846\/2013, que disp\u00f5e sobre a responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o administrativa e civil de pessoas jur\u00eddicas (incluindo sociedades estrangeiras com opera\u00e7\u00f5es e filiais no Brasil) pela pr\u00e1tica de atos contra a administra\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica nacional ou estrangeira. A lei entrar\u00e1 em vigor no prazo de 180 (cento e oitenta) dias a contar de sua publica\u00e7\u00e3o, que ocorreu em 02 de agosto de 2013. A principal inova\u00e7\u00e3o da lei \u00e9 a possibilidade de sancionar, administrativa e civilmente, as pessoas jur\u00eddicas por atos lesivos \u00e0 administra\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica. At\u00e9 a publica\u00e7\u00e3o dessa lei, os atos de corrup\u00e7\u00e3o e fraude \u00e0 licita\u00e7\u00e3o acarretavam puni\u00e7\u00e3o apenas \u00e0s pessoas f\u00edsicas envolvidas (administradores de empresas, seus empregados, agentes p\u00fablicos, etc.). Outro ponto que merece destaque na nova lei \u00e9 a previs\u00e3o da responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o objetiva das empresas pelos atos lesivos nela previstos (artigo 2\u00ba), de forma que n\u00e3o h\u00e1 que se falar na mensura\u00e7\u00e3o da culpabilidade das pessoas jur\u00eddicas envolvidas. Constatado o dano \u00e0 administra\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica e a vincula\u00e7\u00e3o deste dano a uma a\u00e7\u00e3o (ou omiss\u00e3o) de qualquer pessoa que tenha se revertido em interesse ou benef\u00edcio da pessoa jur\u00eddica, a empresa poder\u00e1 ser responsabilizada civil ou administrativamente.Entretanto, a responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da pessoa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":915,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[27],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nAnother point to be highlighted in the new law is the provision of the strict liability of companies by the harmful acts as stated by the mentioned law (Article 2), thus since then it will be no longer necessary the discussion of about the culpability measurement of legal entities involved. Therefore, after verifying the damage caused to the public administration and the responsibility for this damage related to an action (or inaction) made for any person who has acted under the interest or benefit of a legal entity, the company may be held liable both civilly or administratively.<\/p>\n
\nRegarding the administrative responsibility, the administrative fines under the law range from 0.1% to 20% (twenty percent) of the gross revenues of the company. The law provides alternatively the payment of a fine in the amount of R $ 60,000,000.00 (sixty million reais) if it is not possible to estimate the company\u2019s gross income; and the extraordinary publication of the judgment of conviction \u2013 at the expense of the legal entity \u2013 in an means of communication of wide circulation.<\/p>\n
\nRegardless of the penalties aforementioned, and such other penalties provided by law, the legal entity shall fully indemnify the damage suffered by the public administration.<\/p>\n
\nAnother indication of this system of partnership between company and government is the provision of the attenuation in the application of penalties to the company which cooperates with the public administration with the investigation of offenses and to the company which demonstrates the adoption of practices for the prevention of acts of corruption, such as the existence of internal mechanisms and procedures of integrity, auditing and incentive to the reporting of irregularities and effective implementation of codes of ethics and conduct (Article 7).<\/p>\n
\nLaw N. 12.846\/2013 (already nicknamed Anticorruption Law) arrives as another mechanism available to the State in an attempt to root out corruption in the public administration, as well as to try to introduce a culture of corporate commitment against corruption, raising awareness to the development of a culture of compliance.<\/p>\n
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